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    <h1 class="post_title">CentOS_7</h1><div class="post_meta">
  
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      Oct 6, 2020</span>
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    <h2>Overview</h2>
    <nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#常用命令">常用命令</a></li>
    <li><a href="#查看操作系统版本">查看操作系统版本</a></li>
    <li><a href="#yum-常用命令">yum 常用命令</a></li>
    <li><a href="#vim--vi-基本使用">vim / vi 基本使用</a></li>
    <li><a href="#命令别名的设置-alias">命令别名的设置 alias</a></li>
    <li><a href="#二进制文件tar包的安装方法">二进制文件tar包的安装方法</a></li>
    <li><a href="#工欲善其事">工欲善其事</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#zsh">zsh</a></li>
        <li><a href="#安装-oh-my-zsh">安装 oh-my-zsh</a></li>
        <li><a href="#fish">Fish</a></li>
        <li><a href="#安装最新版-redis">安装最新版 redis</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#centos-安装-python3-并与-自带python2-共存">centos 安装 python3 并与 自带python2 共存</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#python2-相关">python2 相关</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#安装-docker">安装 docker</a></li>
    <li><a href="#安装-docker-compose">安装 docker-compose</a></li>
    <li><a href="#安装-nodejs">安装 nodejs</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#docker-安装-node">docker 安装 node</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#系统设置常见问题">系统设置常见问题</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#解决-xshell-上面-zsh-的-home-end-无效问题">解决 xshell 上面 zsh 的 home end 无效问题</a></li>
        <li><a href="#github-clone-慢的问题">github clone 慢的问题</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
    <h2 id="常用命令">常用命令</h2>
<p>ls</p>
<p>ls -l</p>
<p>ls -a</p>
<p>ll</p>
<p>ll /var/svn/test 查看指定目录下文件详细信息: 权限/大小/日期</p>
<p>cd home</p>
<p>mkdir test</p>
<p>cd test</p>
<p>touch hello.py</p>
<p>vim hello.py 然后esc :wq</p>
<p>cat hello.py</p>
<p>cp hello.py aaa/hello.py</p>
<p>export EDITOR=vim</p>
<p>创建软链接:</p>
<p>ln -s /usr/local/node-v14.16.0-linux-x64/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js /usr/local/bin/npm</p>
<p>删除软链接(注意最后不要加/,否则会直接删除源数据):</p>
<p>rm -rf  /usr/local/bin/npm</p>
<p>rm -rf test</p>
<p>du -sh * 查看文件大小</p>
<p>ps aux 查看所有用户进程</p>
<p>ps aux|grep redis 查看所有redis进程</p>
<p>查看 linux 上面的ssh公钥(本地存储私钥, 公钥提供给远程服务器用于ssh校验(身份验证,免密登录,加密传输)):</p>
<p>cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</p>
<h2 id="查看操作系统版本">查看操作系统版本</h2>
<p>查看操作系统版本一般有三种方式：</p>
<p>1、lsb_release -a，适用于所有Linux发行版</p>
<p>2、cat /etc/redhat-release，适用于Redhat</p>
<p>3、cat /etc/issue，适用于所有Linux发行版</p>
<p>查看系统内核版本一般有两种方式：</p>
<p>1、cat /proc/version</p>
<p>2、uname -a</p>
<h2 id="yum-常用命令">yum 常用命令</h2>
<p>yum list installed</p>
<p>yum list installed | grep python</p>
<p>yum list tomcat</p>
<p>yum info tomcat</p>
<p>yum install tomcat</p>
<p>yum -y install tomcat</p>
<p>yum remove tomcat</p>
<p>yum deplist tomcat</p>
<p>yum update (升级全部软件. 慎用, 直接用会升级系统内核, 如有需要请修改yum配置文件排除内核)</p>
<p>yum update tomcat</p>
<p>yum check-update</p>
<p>yum 命令安装历史回滚:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">yum history list 后面可以接软件名, 不写就是所有记录
yum history undo <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>操作ID<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="vim--vi-基本使用">vim / vi 基本使用</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># 新建文件</span>
touch hello.py

<span style="color:#75715e"># 打开文件</span>
vim hello.py

<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 i 进入编辑模式</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 输入以下代码 </span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># print(&#34;hello world&#34;)</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 esc 退出其他模式进入命令模式</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 命令模式下, 输入 :q 退出vim(前提是文件本次没有改动)</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 命令模式下, 输入 :wq 保存并退出</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># 查看文件内容</span>
cat hello.py
</code></pre></div><p>:w            - 保存文件，不退出 vim
:w file  -将修改另外保存到 file 中，不退出 vim
:w!          -强制保存，不退出 vim
:wq          -保存文件，退出 vim
:wq!        -强制保存文件，退出 vim
:q            -不保存文件，退出 vim
:q!          -不保存文件，强制退出 vim
:e!          -放弃所有修改，从上次保存文件开始再编辑</p>
<h2 id="命令别名的设置-alias">命令别名的设置 alias</h2>
<p>例如为 clear 命令设置别名 cls</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim ~/.bashrc

<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 i 添加内容</span>
alias cls<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;clear&#39;</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 esc, 输入 :wq 保存退出</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># 使配置生效</span>
source ~/.bashrc
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim ~/.zshrc

<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 i 添加内容(建议在zshrc文件末尾)</span>
alias cls<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;clear&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 按 esc, 输入 :wq 保存退出</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># 使配置生效</span>
source ~/.zshrc
</code></pre></div><h2 id="二进制文件tar包的安装方法">二进制文件tar包的安装方法</h2>
<p>下载tar包 (一般为 amd64 tar 包)</p>
<p>解压至 /usr/local/, 一般重命名为不带版本号</p>
<p>进入里面的bin目录, ll 查看命令类型</p>
<p>如果是bin类型, 使用 install 命令, 例如</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">install -s ./pandoc /usr/local/bin   
</code></pre></div><p>对于软链接, 可以自行创建软链接(不清楚是否可以直接拷贝)</p>
<h2 id="工欲善其事">工欲善其事</h2>
<p>查看当前内核版本 - readhat</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cat /etc/redhat-release
</code></pre></div><h3 id="zsh">zsh</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># 查看当前 shell</span>
echo $SHELL

<span style="color:#75715e"># 安装 zsh</span>
yum install -y zsh

<span style="color:#75715e"># 安装 git</span>
yum install -y git

<span style="color:#75715e"># 设置默认shell</span>
chsh -s /bin/zsh

<span style="color:#75715e"># 查看zsh版本信息</span>
info zsh
</code></pre></div><p>通过 yum 安装的zsh版本是 v5.0.2, 实际上zsh的较新版本是 v5.8, 一些插件需要使用新版zsh, 建议还是安装新版zsh</p>
<p>mkdir ~/download/zsh</p>
<p>cd ~/download/zsh</p>
<p>wget <a href="https://udomain.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zsh/zsh/5.8/zsh-5.8.tar.xz">https://udomain.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zsh/zsh/5.8/zsh-5.8.tar.xz</a></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">chsh -s /bin/bash

yum -y install gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
yum -y install ncurses-devel
<span style="color:#75715e"># 编译安装</span>
tar xvf zsh-5.8.tar.xz
cd zsh-5.8
./configure
make <span style="color:#f92672">&amp;&amp;</span> make install
<span style="color:#75715e"># 将zsh加入/etc/shells</span>
vim /etc/shells <span style="color:#75715e"># 添加：/usr/local/bin/zsh</span>

chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh

<span style="color:#75715e"># chsh -s bin/zsh</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="安装-oh-my-zsh">安装 oh-my-zsh</h3>
<p>下载安装(任选一种方式)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># curl 方式</span>
sh -c <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># wget 方式</span>
sh -c <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>wget https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>如果以上地址无法访问或者连接慢, 自己镜像到gitee或者直接使用以下地址</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sh -c <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/alexzshl/ohmyzsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span>

sh -c <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>wget https://gitee.com/alexzshl/ohmyzsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O -<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>注意, tools目录下还有其他功能的脚本可供执行:</p>
<ul>
<li>uninstall.sh</li>
<li>upgrade.sh</li>
<li>theme_chooser.sh</li>
<li>&hellip;</li>
</ul>
<p><del>用 oh-my-zsh 提供的配置文件覆盖 zsh 的配置文件:</del></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc</span>
</code></pre></div><p>常用插件:</p>
<p>plugins=(git osx ruby python github svn rails gem git-flow git-extras npm nvm node pod sudo etract)</p>
<p>修改主题文件(一般不需要修改, 用默认的即可):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim ~/.zshrc
</code></pre></div><h4 id="安装自动补全插件--zsh-autosuggestions">安装自动补全插件  zsh-autosuggestions</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># git clone</span>
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>~/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

<span style="color:#75715e"># 如果 github 无法访问, 改用gitee镜像</span>
git clone https://gitee.com/alexzshl/zsh-autosuggestions.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>~/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>~/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

<span style="color:#75715e"># 修改 plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions)</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 增加 export TERM=xterm-256color</span>
vim ~/.zshrc

source .zshrc
</code></pre></div><p>通过添加yum软件源的方式安装(centos 7)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:zsh-users:zsh-autosuggestions/CentOS_7/shells:zsh-users:zsh-autosuggestions.repo
yum install zsh-autosuggestions
</code></pre></div><h4 id="安装zsh高亮插件即那个根据命令存在与否变色的插件">安装zsh高亮插件(即那个根据命令存在与否变色的插件)</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>~/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

vim ~/.zshrc
<span style="color:#75715e"># 修改 plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)</span>

source ~/.zshrc
</code></pre></div><p>通过添加yum软件源的方式安装(centos 7)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:zsh-users:zsh-syntax-highlighting/CentOS_7/shells:zsh-users:zsh-syntax-highlighting.repo
yum install zsh-syntax-highlighting
</code></pre></div><h4 id="安装zsh自动完成插件zsh-completions"><del>安装zsh自动完成插件zsh-completions</del></h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/zsh-users/zsh-completions.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>~/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/plugins/zsh-completions

vim ~/.zshrc
<span style="color:#75715e"># 修改 plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-completions zsh-syntax-highlighting)</span>

source ~/.zshrc
</code></pre></div><p><del>通过添加yum软件源的方式安装(centos 7)</del></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:zsh-users:zsh-completions/CentOS_7/shells:zsh-users:zsh-completions.repo
yum install zsh-completions
</code></pre></div><h4 id="source-方式安装zsh插件">source 方式安装zsh插件</h4>
<p>以上插件均可以参考以下 source 方式安装, 不需要指定 plugins, 而且可以直接放在home目录下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># Clone this repository somewhere on your machine. This guide will assume ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions.</span>
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions

<span style="color:#75715e"># ********************************************************</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># Add the following to your .zshrc:</span>
source ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh
<span style="color:#75715e"># ********************************************************</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># Start a new terminal session.</span>
source ~/.zshrc
</code></pre></div><h4 id="安装-autojump">安装 autojump</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/wting/autojump.git
cd autojump
./install.py
</code></pre></div><p>然后根据提示信息操作(每个人可能有所不同)</p>
<p>将以下信息加入 .zshrc 文件末尾</p>
<pre><code>[[ -s /root/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh ]] &amp;&amp; source /root/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh
autoload -U compinit &amp;&amp; compinit -u
</code></pre><h4 id="安装主题-powerlevel10k">安装主题 powerlevel10k</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">git clone --depth<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/themes/powerlevel10k
</code></pre></div><p>gitee 加速</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">git clone --depth<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git <span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>ZSH_CUSTOM<span style="color:#66d9ef">:-</span>$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span>/themes/powerlevel10k
</code></pre></div><p>Set <code>ZSH_THEME=&quot;powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k&quot;</code> in <code>~/.zshrc</code>.</p>
<p>暂时先不要使用, 因为后续会让你进行大量配置, 而且在配置之前最好确保你的终端软件所在系统(比如powerlevel10k安装在远程服务器, 但是你在本地使用xshell连接至远程服务器, 那么你实际需要修改的是xshell的字体)使用了支持图标的powerline字体, 参考一下页面选择一款字体, 安装在电脑上并且为你的终端/软件修改字体</p>
<p><a href="https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads">https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads</a></p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/powerline/fonts">https://github.com/powerline/fonts</a></p>
<p>推荐一款: <code>Hack Nerd Font</code></p>
<p><strong>推荐字体</strong>：Meslo Nerd为Powerlevel10k修补的字体</p>
<p>然后重启zsh会看到配置引导, 根据提示一步一步做即可, 因为前面安装了字体,刚开始的图标检测才是正常的</p>
<p>p10k 配置实例:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-zsh" data-lang="zsh">p10k configure
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim ~/.p10k.zsh
</code></pre></div><h3 id="fish">Fish</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:fish:release:2/CentOS_7/shells:fish:release:2.repo
yum install fish
fish
bash
</code></pre></div><p>或者:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:fish:release:2/CentOS_7/shells:fish:release:2.repo
yum install fish
</code></pre></div><h3 id="安装最新版-redis">安装最新版 redis</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">sudo yum install -y http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
sudo yum --enablerepo<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>remi install redis -y

sudo systemctl restart redis
redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p <span style="color:#ae81ff">6379</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="centos-安装-python3-并与-自带python2-共存">centos 安装 python3 并与 自带python2 共存</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># python2 路径</span>
which python

yum -y groupinstall <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Development tools&#34;</span>
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

cd ~
mkdir download
cd download
mkdir python3
cd python3
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
tar -xvJf  Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.2
mkdir /usr/local/python3
./configure --prefix<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/usr/local/python3
make <span style="color:#f92672">&amp;&amp;</span> make install

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

whereis python3
whereis pip3

pip3 list

pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools

pip3 install virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
<span style="color:#75715e"># pip install virtualenvwrapper</span>

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/virtualenv

<span style="color:#75715e"># 注意 virtualenvwrapper.sh 路径需要在python3里面的那个</span>
which virtualenvwrapper.sh
<span style="color:#75715e"># /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh</span>
find / -name <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;virtualenvwrapper.sh&#34;</span>

<span style="color:#75715e"># 配置虚拟环境</span>
vim ~/.bashrc
<span style="color:#75715e">##################################################</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 注意: 如果使用 zsh 等其他终端, 需要修改的文件就是 ~/.zshrc</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 相关命令自行修改</span>
<span style="color:#75715e">##################################################</span>

<span style="color:#75715e">################# .bashrc 文件末尾加入  ##################</span>
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/usr/local/python3/bin/python3
export WORKON_HOME<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
<span style="color:#75715e">#########################################################</span>
<span style="color:#75715e"># 或者使用pyenv</span>
<span style="color:#75715e">#########################################################</span>
sudo echo <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;export PYENV_ROOT=&#34;$HOME/.pyenv&#34;&#39;</span> &gt;&gt; ~/.bash_profile
sudo echo <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;export PATH=&#34;$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH&#34;&#39;</span> &gt;&gt;~/.bash_profile
sudo echo <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;eval &#34;$(pyenv init -)&#34;&#39;</span> &gt;&gt;~/.bash_profile
<span style="color:#75715e">#########################################################</span>

source ~/.bashrc
mkvirtualenv py2-env
rmvirtualenv py2-env

mkvirtualenv --python<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>/usr/bin/python3 test
workon test
deactivate
rmvirtualenv test
lsvirtualenv
cdvirtualenv
</code></pre></div><h3 id="python2-相关">python2 相关</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pip install --upgrade <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;pip &lt; 21.0&#34;</span>

</code></pre></div><h2 id="安装-docker">安装 docker</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
dnf install -y --allowerasing https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.3.7-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl start docker <span style="color:#f92672">&amp;&amp;</span> sudo systemctl enable docker

docker version
</code></pre></div><p>cat  /etc/docker/daemon.json</p>
<h2 id="安装-docker-compose">安装 docker-compose</h2>
<p>方法一:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">curl -L <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.27.4/docker-compose-</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>uname -s<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">-</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">$(</span>uname -m<span style="color:#66d9ef">)</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span> -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-composesudo chmod  x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version
</code></pre></div><p>不出意外, github 速度会很慢, 使用加速地址</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/1.28.6/docker-compose-<span style="color:#e6db74">`</span>uname -s<span style="color:#e6db74">`</span>-<span style="color:#e6db74">`</span>uname -m<span style="color:#e6db74">`</span> &gt; /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

sudo chmod  x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

docker-compose --version
</code></pre></div><p>安装补全插件</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.25.0/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose &gt; /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose
</code></pre></div><p>卸载</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
</code></pre></div><p>方法二:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pip3 install docker-compose

docker-compose --version
</code></pre></div><p>卸载:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pip3 uninstall docker-compose
</code></pre></div><p><code>docker-compose.yml</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yml" data-lang="yml"><span style="color:#f92672">version</span>: <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;3&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">services</span>:
  <span style="color:#f92672">discovery</span>:
    <span style="color:#f92672">image</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">microservice/discovery</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">hostname</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">discovery</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">ports</span>:
    - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;8761:8761&#34;</span>
  <span style="color:#f92672">server</span>:
    <span style="color:#f92672">image</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">microservice/server</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">ports</span>:
    - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;9000:9000&#34;</span>
  <span style="color:#f92672">client</span>:
    <span style="color:#f92672">image</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">microservice/client</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">ports</span>:
    - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;9001:9001&#34;</span>
  <span style="color:#f92672">zuul</span>:
    <span style="color:#f92672">image</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">microservice/zuul</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">ports</span>:
    - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;9002:9002&#34;</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">docker-compose up -d
</code></pre></div><p>test.yml</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yml" data-lang="yml"><span style="color:#f92672">version</span>: <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;3&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">services</span>:
  <span style="color:#f92672">webapp</span>:
    <span style="color:#f92672">image</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">nginx</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">ports</span>:
      - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;80:80&#34;</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">volumes</span>:
      - <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;/data&#34;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>docker-compose up -d -f test.yml</p>
<h2 id="安装-nodejs">安装 nodejs</h2>
<p>安装最新版 nodejs</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">wget https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/latest-v14.x/node-v14.16.0-linux-x64.tar.gz
cp node-v14.16.0-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
tar xvjf node-v14.16.0-linux-x64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/node-v14.16.0-linux-x64/bin

install -s ./node /usr/local/bin
ln -s /usr/local/node-v14.16.0-linux-x64/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npx-cli.js /usr/local/bin/npx
ln -s /usr/local/node-v14.16.0-linux-x64/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npx-cli.js /usr/local/bin/npx

</code></pre></div><p>npm 镜像加速</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#75715e"># 一次性使用</span>
npm --registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org install express

<span style="color:#75715e"># 临时使用</span>
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm config set disturl https://npm.taobao.org/dist

<span style="color:#75715e"># 永久使用</span>
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org –global
npm config set disturl https://npm.taobao.org/dist –global

<span style="color:#75715e"># 查看状态</span>
npm config list
npm config get globalconfig
npm config ls -l
npm config get registry
npm info express
</code></pre></div><p>registry 方式设置:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">npm –registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org info underscore
</code></pre></div><p>用户配置文件:</p>
<p><code>vim ~/.npmrc</code></p>
<p>安装 cnpm</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">npm install -g cnpm --registry<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>https://registry.npm.taobao.org
cnpm install express
</code></pre></div><h3 id="docker-安装-node">docker 安装 node</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">docker pull node

docker run -itd --name node-test node
docker exec -it node-test /bin/bash

docker run -it --name node-test node /bin/bash
</code></pre></div><h2 id="系统设置常见问题">系统设置常见问题</h2>
<p>默认语言</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim /etc/locale.conf
</code></pre></div><pre><code>LANG=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;
LANGUAGE=&quot;zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN&quot;
SUPPORTED=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en&quot;
SYSFONT=&quot;lat0-sun16&quot;
</code></pre><p>临时 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</p>
<pre><code>export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8  
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
</code></pre><p>可以加入 .zshrc 文件末尾</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">echo $LANG

env |grep LANG

export |grep LANG

locale

locale -a
locale -a|grep zh_CN

<span style="color:#75715e"># centos7 </span>
vim /etc/locale.conf
source /etc/locale.conf
</code></pre></div><h3 id="解决-xshell-上面-zsh-的-home-end-无效问题">解决 xshell 上面 zsh 的 home end 无效问题</h3>
<p>修改 zshrc 文件,追加以下信息</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">bindkey <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;\e[1~&#39;</span> beginning-of-line
bindkey <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;\e[4~&#39;</span> end-of-line
</code></pre></div><h3 id="github-clone-慢的问题">github clone 慢的问题</h3>
<p>在原地址变为: github.com.cnpmjs.org/</p>
<p>或者参考以下地址: <a href="https://github.com/nulastudio/mclone">https://github.com/nulastudio/mclone</a></p>
<h1 id="alpine-linux-系统">Alpine Linux 系统</h1>
<p>清华镜像源</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sed -i <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;s/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g&#39;</span> /etc/apk/repositories
</code></pre></div><p>这里以sshd.service为例
1）查看服务启动级别cat /lib/systemd/system/sshd.service'''[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target   #级别3'&lsquo;&lsquo;2）查看服务状态systemctl status sshd.service3）启动服务systemctl start sshd.service4）重启服务systemctl restart sshd.service5）关闭服务systemctl stop sshd.service6）重载服务reload也叫平滑重启，正在连接的用户是没有感觉的，只有当用户再次连接时，会启用新的配置。systemctl reload sshd.service7）开机启动systemctl enable sshd.service8）开机不启动systemctl disable sshd.service9）查看是否开机启动systemctl is-enable sshd.service10）是否在启动状态systemctl is-active sshd.service11）重载systemd服务列表systemctl daemon-reload</p>

    
      
    
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